2 Samuel 1:2

Authorized King James Version

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It came even to pass on the third day, that, behold, a man came out of the camp from Saul with his clothes rent, and earth upon his head: and so it was, when he came to David, that he fell to the earth, and did obeisance.

Original Language Analysis

וַיְהִ֣י׀ H1961
וַיְהִ֣י׀
Strong's: H1961
Word #: 1 of 22
to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)
בַּיּ֣וֹם day H3117
בַּיּ֣וֹם day
Strong's: H3117
Word #: 2 of 22
a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an asso
הַשְּׁלִישִׁ֗י It came even to pass on the third H7992
הַשְּׁלִישִׁ֗י It came even to pass on the third
Strong's: H7992
Word #: 3 of 22
third; feminine a third (part); by extension, a third (day, year or time); specifically, a third-story cell)
וְהִנֵּה֩ H2009
וְהִנֵּה֩
Strong's: H2009
Word #: 4 of 22
lo!
אִ֨ישׁ that behold a man H376
אִ֨ישׁ that behold a man
Strong's: H376
Word #: 5 of 22
a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)
בְּבֹא֣וֹ and so it was when he came H935
בְּבֹא֣וֹ and so it was when he came
Strong's: H935
Word #: 6 of 22
to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)
מִן H4480
מִן
Strong's: H4480
Word #: 7 of 22
properly, a part of; hence (prepositionally), from or out of in many senses
הַֽמַּחֲנֶה֙ out of the camp H4264
הַֽמַּחֲנֶה֙ out of the camp
Strong's: H4264
Word #: 8 of 22
an encampment (of travellers or troops); hence, an army, whether literal (of soldiers) or figurative (of dancers, angels, cattle, locusts, stars; or e
מֵעִ֣ם H5973
מֵעִ֣ם
Strong's: H5973
Word #: 9 of 22
adverb or preposition, with (i.e., in conjunction with), in varied applications; specifically, equally with; often with prepositional prefix (and then
שָׁא֔וּל from Saul H7586
שָׁא֔וּל from Saul
Strong's: H7586
Word #: 10 of 22
shaul, the name of an edomite and two israelites
וּבְגָדָ֣יו with his clothes H899
וּבְגָדָ֣יו with his clothes
Strong's: H899
Word #: 11 of 22
a covering, i.e., clothing
קְרֻעִ֔ים rent H7167
קְרֻעִ֔ים rent
Strong's: H7167
Word #: 12 of 22
to rend, literally or figuratively (revile, paint the eyes, as if enlarging them)
וַֽאֲדָמָ֖ה and earth H127
וַֽאֲדָמָ֖ה and earth
Strong's: H127
Word #: 13 of 22
soil (from its general redness)
עַל H5921
עַל
Strong's: H5921
Word #: 14 of 22
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
רֹאשׁ֑וֹ upon his head H7218
רֹאשׁ֑וֹ upon his head
Strong's: H7218
Word #: 15 of 22
the head (as most easily shaken), whether literal or figurative (in many applications, of place, time, rank, itc.)
וַֽיְהִי֙ H1961
וַֽיְהִי֙
Strong's: H1961
Word #: 16 of 22
to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)
בְּבֹא֣וֹ and so it was when he came H935
בְּבֹא֣וֹ and so it was when he came
Strong's: H935
Word #: 17 of 22
to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)
אֶל H413
אֶל
Strong's: H413
Word #: 18 of 22
near, with or among; often in general, to
דָּוִ֔ד to David H1732
דָּוִ֔ד to David
Strong's: H1732
Word #: 19 of 22
david, the youngest son of jesse
וַיִּפֹּ֥ל that he fell H5307
וַיִּפֹּ֥ל that he fell
Strong's: H5307
Word #: 20 of 22
to fall, in a great variety of applications (intransitive or causative, literal or figurative)
אַ֖רְצָה to the earth H776
אַ֖רְצָה to the earth
Strong's: H776
Word #: 21 of 22
the earth (at large, or partitively a land)
וַיִּשְׁתָּֽחוּ׃ and did obeisance H7812
וַיִּשְׁתָּֽחוּ׃ and did obeisance
Strong's: H7812
Word #: 22 of 22
to depress, i.e., prostrate (especially reflexive, in homage to royalty or god)

Analysis & Commentary

It came even to pass on the third day, that, behold, a man came out of the camp from Saul with his clothes rent, and earth upon his head: and so it was, when he came to David, that he fell to the earth, and did obeisance.

This verse contributes to the narrative of David Learns of Saul's Death, emphasizing honoring God's anointed, genuine grief. The Hebrew terminology emphasizes David's respect for God's anointed (mashiach, מָשִׁיחַ) even after death. David's lament (vv. 19-27) represents some of Scripture's finest poetry, expressing genuine grief without compromising theological truth about Saul's disobedience. Cross-references to 1 Samuel demonstrate narrative continuity while developing themes of covenant faithfulness and proper mourning.

Historical Context

The historical setting of 2 Samuel 1 occurs during David's reign (circa 1010-970 BCE) over Israel's united monarchy. Archaeological discoveries, including the Tel Dan inscription mentioning the 'House of David,' corroborate biblical historicity. Ancient Near Eastern customs regarding honoring God's anointed, genuine grief provide crucial background. The geopolitical situation involved regional powers—Philistines, Ammonites, Arameans, Moabites, Edomites—as David consolidated and expanded Israel's territory. Cultural practices concerning kingship, warfare, covenant relationships, family dynamics, and religious observance differed significantly from modern Western contexts, requiring careful attention to avoid anachronistic interpretation while extracting timeless theological principles applicable across cultures and eras.

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